Diet is the most important component of gastritis treatment.Based on some characteristics of the disease, for example, acidity in the stomach, as well as the presence of erosive, atrophic and other forms, the diet may vary in terms of what can and cannot be included in the menu.
If a person has an unbalanced diet, regularly drinks alcohol, smokes and is exposed to frequent severe stress, he will inevitably develop a pathology such as gastritis.This is a disease that leads to inflammation of the stomach lining, causing its integrity to be compromised.As a result, various unpleasant symptoms appear, the most important of which is acute pain in the upper part of the abdomen.In addition, bloating, belching, nausea and vomiting occur, the appetite decreases or disappears completely, which often leads to weight loss.Gastritis of the stomach comes in different forms, including those that can be caused by an infectious environment, but in any case, successful treatment requires a healthy diet.You should not only change your diet, decide what you can and cannot eat, but also change the nutritional principles themselves, make it regimented with a stable menu for the whole week, and divide the entire amount of food into 5-6 meals.During an exacerbation the diet should be tightened;in addition, there are some nuances if gastritis is characterized by high or low acidity.
What is possible and what is not allowed for gastritis?
The main differences in the diet will be determined by the degree of acidity.Which indicator is determined for a particular patient during the diagnosis prior to therapy.
Increased acidity
With increased acidity, which occurs most often, you need to follow three basic principles:
- Mechanical.It defines a ban on fried foods;in addition, coarse fibers are not allowed, such as bran bread, rutabaga, turnips and strips of meat.
- Chemical.It says to avoid foods that promote the secretion of hydrochloric acid required for the digestive process, for example soda, alcohol and citrus fruits.In addition, concentrated rich broths based on meat and fish are prohibited.
- Thermal.It consists of eating food that has an optimal temperature, which is usually in the range of 16-55 degrees Celsius.If the food is hotter or colder, this with gastritis causes irritation of the esophagus, which leads to an increase in the duration of food intake and, consequently, increased stress on the stomach.
If the environment in the stomach is characterized as acidic, then low-fat types of fish and meat, fermented milk products, eggs that can be served as an omelette or soft-boiled are suitable for nutrition.In addition, the diet may include peeled tomatoes, boiled zucchini, potatoes and so on.
Low acidity
A diet for gastritis with reduced acidity includes foods that promote greater release of enzymes that ensure digestion.To do this, it is also important to normalize the procedure for eating food.This must be done slowly;it is important to spend at least half a minute chewing a portion of food, and the eating process should last at least half an hour.Significantly improves the excretion of hydrochloric acid by drinking lightly carbonated mineral water;you should drink 200 ml of this water every time before meals.Various fruits and vegetables are allowed, which must be eaten immediately after finishing the meal, as snacking is not allowed on the diet.Fruits and vegetables must be chosen light, based on the principle of the absence of hard fibers.To further facilitate the digestion process, it is better to peel the fruits in advance and eat only the pulp.
Low acidity has some advantages compared to high acidity.A small amount of chocolate products, light soups and broths and river fish, mushrooms and lean meats, which include rabbit and veal, are acceptable.Milk derivatives are allowed, but it is better to avoid the milk itself.
What is not allowed?
If you have gastritis with any degree of acidity, you should not consume:
- Baking;
- Chocolate products;
- Fried, spicy food;
- Alcoholic beverages;
- Foods rich in vegetable or animal fat;
- Vinegar.
How to eat during an exacerbation - menu for the week
In case of an exacerbation, a compromise should be found, and the body receives all the necessary nutrients and microelements, but the diet is neutral and does not irritate the mucous membrane, which is so inflamed.In this situation, digestion must be helped as much as possible so that it happens very quickly.To do this, you should try to chop all the food as much as possible and only use boiling or steaming for cooking.
It is important to make the compiled menu not only balanced and gentle, but also strictly adhere to it and eat food at a strictly defined time every day.The intervals between doses cannot be more than three hours, otherwise the stomach will empty and the aggravation will only intensify.It cannot be conveyed as it is fraught with gastric stagnation.In the evening, you should eat no later than three to four hours before bed.
Oddly enough, during a period of exacerbation, it is recommended to spend the first day on an empty stomach.However, the stomach still needs to be filled.To do this, you need to drink a lot of still water and weakly brewed tea.Any liquid you drink should be warm.From the second day, liquid porridge and mashed potatoes with water are allowed.In addition, boiled eggs and non-concentrated soup with grated vegetables will be useful.When gastritis worsens, foods rich in fat should be completely excluded from the diet, as their breakdown is very slow.
Menu for the week
mon and wed:
- Breakfast with oatmeal and compote;
- Other times you can have steamed cheesecakes for breakfast;
- Lunch consists of mashed potatoes, vegetable soup with breadcrumbs, boiled fish, compote;
- Afternoon snack – biscuits with light tea;
- Dinner - a side dish of pasta with steamed lean meat cutlets, light tea.
Tues, Thurs, Sat:
- Breakfast consists of baked apples, cheesecakes and compote;
- The second time, have breakfast with a glass of jelly;
- You must have lunch with vegetable broth, steamed fish, mineral water from gases;
- An afternoon snack is allowed with unsweetened light tea with white bread biscuits;
- For dinner cottage cheese casserole and compote.
Fri, Sun:
- You must have breakfast with eggs boiled for 5-6 minutes, washed down with compote;
- During the second breakfast, eat cheesecakes with tea;
- Lunch with vegetable stew, grated potato soup, jelly;
- Afternoon snack - a glass of kefir with crackers;
- Dinner must be boiled fish with porridge on the water.
Diet No. 1 for gastritis
Diet No. 1 is considered quite strict.However, its use is a necessary measure, since the restoration of normal digestion and non-irritation of the gastric mucosa is very important in the case of gastritis or if a person has an ulcer.This diet is prescribed after the aggravation phase of the disease ends.Among the cooking methods, only boiling, steaming and baking can be used.It is extremely important to reduce the amount of salt consumed, as its presence negatively affects the condition of the inner surface of the stomach;in addition, salt slows down the removal of water from the body.
Diet No. 1 involves dividing the entire daily diet into five to six small portions.The total amount of calories consumed must not be more than 2000.
Among the main dishes that should be included in diet no. 1 are:
- Vegetable soup.The vegetable base can be replaced with vermicelli or rice;
- Lean meat and fish without veins and other hard-to-digest elements;
- Bread products must be consumed yesterday, dried and also in the form of biscuits.
In moderate quantities, you can eat fermented milk products, for example cottage cheese, yogurt, skimmed milk.
Cannot be consumed on diet No. 1:
- Rye bread;
- Soups based on mushrooms and meat - you will have to give up okroshka, borscht, cabbage soup;
- smoked products;
- Pickles;
- Fish and other canned food.
Diet for erosive form
Gastritis is called erosive when the effect of the disease causes gastric erosion, called an ulcer.An ulcer is a more serious disease that can lead to very serious consequences, including, for example, peritonitis, when erosion of the wall gradually leads to a continuous hole, resulting in the contents of the stomach entering the abdominal cavity.This situation is fraught with death without urgent surgical treatment.
The causes of erosion, along with the effect of Helicobacter Pylori infection, are exposure to drugs or excessively acidic gastric juice.Thus, with erosive gastritis, it is very important to eat properly to slow down and reverse the ulceration process.
Here are the principles on which the diet should be based if the patient has erosive gastritis:
- The foods consumed should minimally irritate the stomach wall and prevent an increase in acidity;
- You must eat liquid, warm, pureed food continuously.At the same time, it is necessary to minimize the amount of fat and salt in the diet;
- Rejection of bad habits, spices, soda;
- Vegetables must be cooked using heat treatment;
- The emphasis in food should be on soups and cereals.
Diet and menu if the patient has atrophic gastritis
The atrophic form is relatively difficult to diagnose, since there are no symptoms in the early stage of the pathology.Among the few signs of the disease, one can note the presence of belching after fried and fatty food, which smells very unpleasant.In addition, the inevitable companions of atrophic gastritis are a state of general weakness, brittle bones and hair, and skin problems.
Atrophic gastritis imposes serious restrictions on the list of what is possible and what is not.In your diet you should avoid:
- Black pastries;baked goods;
- Smoked dishes;
- Mushrooms in any form;
- Peas, beans;
- canned food;
- Uncooked fruits and vegetables;
- Soda, including mineral water;
- Milk.
Like other diets for gastritis, cooking methods such as frying and smoking are completely prohibited in the atrophic stage.To bring food to a state of ready for consumption, you can boil, steam or bake
With atrophic gastritis, it is important to eat:
- Soups based on shredded vegetables;
- Various crops on water;
- Boiled lean meat, very finely chopped;
- Skimmed milk derivatives;
- Boiled eggs;
- Unleavened white bread, crackers;
- Fruits and vegetables that have been heat treated;
- Butter;
- For dessert, you can treat yourself to jam, jelly and mousse.